Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Bone marrow holds secrets for treating colitis and Crohn's

ScienceDaily (Sep. 24, 2012) ? Michigan State University researchers have unlocked secrets in bone marrow that could lead to improved treatments for colitis and Crohn's disease.

The results, featured in the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, show that the havoc inflammatory bowel diseases wreaks on the digestive tract is mirrored in bone marrow. Early indications also show that the disorders of the gut could potentially be treated through the bone marrow, said Pam Fraker, MSU University Distinguished Professor of biochemistry and molecular biology.

"It's possible that if we could reduce bone marrow's ability to produce inflammatory cells that we could reduce the severity of colitis and Crohn's disease," said Fraker, who co-authored the study with MSU colleagues Laura McCabe, professor of physiology and radiology, and Mark Trottier, research specialist. "This could limit the damage that the disease causes and reduce the number of patients needing surgery."

Colitis and Crohn's affect more than a million people in the United States, including a growing number of children. There are no preventive treatments; however, steroids are often prescribed to reduce the diseases' pain and inflammation. The side effect of this course is tissue damage, which could lead to surgery and additional complications.

Watching a young patient suffer through the pain of severe colitis bolstered Fraker's need to research this devastating disease.

"She was very frail, sick, addicted to narcotics to numb her pain and had several intestinal surgeries to no avail," Fraker said. "This became a huge motivator for me as it drove home how little real help is available to these patients."

Fraker focused on bone marrow, which is a large, highly active and responsive tissue. When colitis was induced in mice, she was surprised by the significant and swift changes that occurred in their bone marrow. The symptoms of colitis, such as swelling, anemia and unhealthy increases in monocytes and neutrophils, (cells that fight infection but exacerbate the excessive swelling in intestines) were reflected in the bone marrow.

The bone marrow's reactions actually fan the flames of the inflammatory bowel diseases rather than help cure it. When bone marrow amps up production of monocytes and neutrophils, it does it at the expense of making lymphocytes and red blood cells, keys to immune defense.

The research was funded in part by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Michigan State University.

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/21yUIGiIigY/120924152547.htm

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Appeals court tosses out landmark Katrina ruling

(AP) ? A federal appeals court reversed itself Monday and threw out a judge's landmark ruling that the Army Corps of Engineers was liable for billions of dollars in Hurricane Katrina flood damage that property owners blame on the corps' maintenance of a New Orleans shipping channel.

The same three-judge panel from the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that sided with plaintiffs earlier this year withdrew that decision and replaced it with a new ruling in the federal government's favor.

The panel's new opinion says the corps is completely insulated from liability by a provision of the Federal Tort Claims Act called the "discretionary-function exception."

In 2009, U.S. District Judge Stanwood Duval Jr. rejected the federal government's argument that it is entitled to immunity from lawsuits blaming Katrina's flood damage on the corps' operation and maintenance of the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet navigation channel.

Plaintiffs' attorneys argued that the corps' delay in armoring the channel was the result of erroneous scientific judgments, not public-policy considerations that would make it immune to the homeowners' claims.

But the 5th Circuit panel disagreed, saying there was ample evidence that decisions leading to the corps' delay in armoring the channel had a "public policy character."

"Although the Corps appears to have appreciated the benefit of foreshore protection as early as 1967, the record shows that it also had reason to consider alternatives (such as dredging and levee 'lifts') and feasibility before committing to an armoring strategy that, in hindsight, may well have been optimal," the panel wrote in its new opinion.

Joseph Bruno, one of the lead plaintiffs' attorneys for the case, accused the panel of essentially giving the corps a "get out of jail free card." He said the lead plaintiffs' attorneys on the case would weigh their options, which include asking the full 5th Circuit to rehear the case.

"It's heartbreaking for the people of our city," he said.

Bruno said Monday's ruling has no bearing on a trial that started earlier this month for separate but related claims that excavation work by a corps contractor weakened New Orleans floodwalls and caused them to breach in two places during the 2005 storm. Duval also is hearing testimony in the case without a jury.

Duval had awarded a total of nearly $720,000 in damages to five plaintiffs who sued the corps over the shipping channel claims. The corps also has received roughly 500,000 administrative claims that could become fodder for similar suits.

The shipping channel, which extends for 60 miles southeast from New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico, partially opened in 1963 and was closed about three years after Katrina struck in August 2005. Over the decades, the corps' dredging of the channel resulted in the loss of thousands of acres of wetlands that helped protect greater New Orleans from hurricane flood waters.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-09-24-Katrina-Flood%20Lawsuit/id-702bc58af1a6405a948d9d8909b884ae

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Monday, September 24, 2012

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Sunday, September 23, 2012

Gas prices down just slightly over 2 weeks

CAMARILLO, Calif. (AP) ? The average U.S. price of a gallon of gasoline dipped by less than one penny ? about a third of a cent ? over the past two weeks.

That's according to the Lundberg Survey of fuel prices, released Sunday, which puts the price of a gallon of regular at $3.83.

Midgrade costs an average of $4.00 a gallon, and premium is $4.12.

Diesel held steady at $4.14 a gallon.

Of the cities surveyed in the lower 48 states, Jackson, Miss., has the nation's lowest average price for gas at $3.51. Chicago has the highest at $4.25.

In California, the lowest average price was $4.03 in Bakersfield. San Francisco has the highest at $4.19. The average statewide for a gallon of regular was $4.11.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/gas-prices-down-just-slightly-over-2-weeks-195502821.html

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Drones capture mountain scenery in Pakistan

In this July 2012 photo taken from a camera mounted to a remote-controlled helicopter and provided by Remo Massima, Peter Ortner, Corey Rich and David Lama stand atop the Trango Summit in northern Pakistan's Karakoram mountain range. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/Remo Massima for Mammut)

In this July 2012 photo taken from a camera mounted to a remote-controlled helicopter and provided by Remo Massima, Peter Ortner, Corey Rich and David Lama stand atop the Trango Summit in northern Pakistan's Karakoram mountain range. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/Remo Massima for Mammut)

In this July 2012 photo provided by Footloose Fotography, a team member prepares to fly a radio-controlled helicopter at the base of Trango Summit in the Karakoram mountain range in northern Pakistan. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/footloosefotography.com for Mammut, Andrew Peacock)

In this July 2012 photo provided by Footloose Fotography, a team member prepares to fly a radio-controlled helicopter at the base of Trango Summit in the Karakoram mountain range in northern Pakistan. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/footloosefotography.com for Mammut, Andrew Peacock)

In this July 2012 photo provided by Aurora Photos for Mammut, a team member gets ready to operate a helicopter over the Trango Summit in northern Pakistan's Karakoram mountain range. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/Aurora Photos for Mammut, Corey Rich)

In this July 2012 photo provided by Aurora Photos for Mammut, Peter Ortner and David Lama walk on the Trango Summit in northern Pakistan's Karakoram mountain range while a remote-controlled helicopter flies over them. Drones have long been the domain of the U.S. military, which uses them extensively in Pakistan?s tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target threats to the United States. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage or angles of adventure sports. (AP Photo/Aurora Photos for Mammut, Corey Rich)

(AP) ? The use of drones in Pakistan normally brings to mind images of U.S. spy planes attacking tribal areas. But drones now are being used to capture a different kind of picture in the country ? showing some of the world's highest mountains being scaled by world-class climbers through some of Earth's thinnest air.

Drones, or remote-controlled aircraft, have long been the domain of the American military and are used extensively in Pakistan's tribal areas near the Afghanistan border to spy on and target militants. Recently, however, civilians have increasingly turned to drones to shoot ground-breaking footage of adventure sports.

This summer a Swiss expedition used remote-controlled helicopters to shoot rare footage of climbers on the Karakoram, one of the world's most demanding and formidable mountain ranges.

"People are going to see footage from the Karakoram that no human being has ever seen," said Corey Rich, a photographer and videographer from Lake Tahoe, California, who was on the expedition.

The expedition was a joint project between outdoor clothing and equipment company Mammut, and Dedicam, a firm that specializes in using remote-controlled helicopters to shoot video. Their goal: to document world-class mountaineer David Lama and his climbing partner Peter Ortner as they climbed Trango Tower. The sheer granite tower in the Baltoro Glacier is more than 6,000 meters (19,685 feet) above sea level and is one of the most technically difficult climbs in the world.

Filmmakers long have used helicopters to capture aerial footage of climbers ? as well as other extreme sport athletes like surfers and skiers ?that is hard to capture from the ground. But helicopters are costly and can be dangerous if they crash or get too close to the people on the ground. Additionally, their beating rotors often kick up dust, snow and wind ? and can push climbers off balance.

Drones, which can weigh just a few kilograms (pounds) and cost between $1,000 and $40,000, are a fraction of the size and cost of the helicopters traditionally used in adventure photography. Newer models tend to have all of their rotors facing into the sky, making them look a bit like a mechanical flying spider or insect.

The main concern for the summertime expedition was how ? and if ? the drone would perform in Pakistan's rugged conditions and high altitude.

"The main challenge was that the air is much thinner, and we didn't know how the flight controls would work with this and the propellers and motors," said drone operator Remo Masina, from Lucerne, Switzerland. He brought two drones on the Pakistan expedition ? one with four propellers and another with six. From the ground, he flew them with a handheld console that resembles a video game console, and wore goggles to let him see the camera's view.

Another challenge was to find the climbers on the mountain. Tracing the planned trek route, Masina directed the drone up the mountain until he spotted them ? more than a mile (roughly 2,000 meters) away.

The result was stunning images of the Karakoram and the climbers making it to the top.

Experienced climbers say the Karakoram puts the rest of the world's mountain ranges to shame. Neighboring Nepal has Everest, the tallest mountain in the world, but Pakistan has four of the world's 14 peaks that soar to more than 8,000 meters (26,246 feet) above sea level, including the second highest mountain on earth, K-2.

Lama and Ortner said climbing the legendary Pakistan mountains was an amazing experience.

"Here there are so many mountains, and so many difficult mountains, and mountains that haven't been climbed," said Lama. "That's probably why the Karakoram is known as paradise for us."

This year has been particularly successful for Pakistan's climbing industry, which plummeted in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks in the U.S.

In addition to hosting the renowned Lama for the first time, Nazir Sabir, Pakistan's elder statesman of climbing who was the country's first person to scale Everest, said 30 climbers summited K-2 in 2012, the first summits from the Pakistani side of the mountain since 11 people died trying in 2008.

And the drone footage obtained during Lama and Ortner's climb will expose even more viewers to the legendary Karakoram mountain range.

Drones also increasingly are being used in other adventure sports to push conventional photography boundaries. Cameras on drones have been used to capture video of surfers on Hawaii's North Shore and to chase mountain bikers speeding down mountain trails.

"I've filmed anything from kayaking, rock climbing, mountain biking, to track and field to just casual walking," said photographer and videographer Mike Hagadorn, who has begun to build his own drones to support his Colorado-based firm, Cloud Level Media. "Anything you can dream of ? and as long as you don't crash ? you can make it happen."

Experts predict drone cameras eventually will become an integral part of every sports shoot. But for now, they're definitely a novelty. The Swiss team filming Lama said villagers in Pakistan stood in awe, staring at the drones as they buzzed around, whenever he used one on the expedition.

"We were trying to do this shot that showed this quaint village," Rich said. "But every single person in the shot is standing, stopped in the street, looking up at the helicopter."

___

Online:

http://www.david-lama.com/en.html

http://www.coreyrich.com/

http://dedicam.tv/

http://peakproject.mammut.ch/en/peaks3/home

___

Rebecca Santana can be reached at http://twitter.com/@ruskygal

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-09-22-Pakistan-Drones%20in%20Sports/id-56cf9939192843b2baad68828cf8a4ba

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